There will be no opening statements. President Biden and former President Donald J. Trump will each have two minutes to answer questions, followed by one minute for rebuttals and responses to rebuttals. Red lights visible to the candidates will flash when there are five seconds left and turn solid red when time is up. Additionally, each candidate's microphone will be muted when it is not their turn to speak.
According to debate rules provided to the campaigns by CNN and reviewed by The New York Times, the candidates will take breaks during two commercial breaks but will be prohibited from speaking with advisers at the end of the broadcast.
With less than two weeks until the first 2024 presidential debate, both campaigns are busy preparing for the first network-sponsored showdown in more than a generation. The 90-minute debate, taking place in Atlanta on June 27, is being heralded as one of the most crucial moments on this year's campaign calendar, as Biden and Trump appear together for the first time since their last debate in October 2020 and outline their contrasting visions for the country.
The two men are approaching the debates almost as differently as they are approaching the presidency itself. After returning from fundraising trips in Europe and California, Biden's campaign has spent much of the final week organizing the debate. Trump, meanwhile, has long favored more freewheeling conversations, trading themes, ideas and one-liners with his advisers in a more casual manner. He held one meeting last week at the Republican National Committee headquarters.
Trump and Biden clearly dislike each other. The former president has called the current president the worst in American history, while the current president has called his predecessor a would-be dictator who threatens democracy itself. When the two men first faced off four years ago, Trump trampled on his rival's speaking time and Biden chided him, telling him to “shut up.” The former president has since acknowledged that he was too personally aggressive.
Rules circulated by CNN warn that this time, “moderators will use all available resources to ensure timeliness and civility.”
And then there's this line: “Microphones will be muted during the debate except for those candidates who are instructed to speak.” It's not clear how muted microphones will work in practice, or whether the memorable moments that have defined past debates (like Al Gore's sigh or Barack Obama whispering to Hillary Clinton, “You're likable enough”) will be lost entirely.
Candidates take the stage, without an audience, at a podium determined by a coin toss.
The unusually deep personal animosity between the two men is both the debate's X-factor and a key consideration in their strategy: The Trump campaign believes that exposing Biden as Biden is the winning approach, while the Biden campaign believes that letting Trump be Trump is the winning approach to the debate.
Both men may already be in a weakened position: Neither has debated since their last showdown in 2020, the longest streak since general election debates became a regular feature of the US campaign in 1976.
For Biden, the preparation process will be overseen by his first White House chief of staff, Ron Klain, who served in the same role for the 2020 debates and the 2012 vice presidential debates. Klain will outline what topics are likely to come up and what answers might be given, according to people involved in past planning sessions.
White House deputy chief of staff Bruce Reed has been compiling a list of the candidates' policy differences for Mr. Biden to review in recent weeks. If the past is a sign of the future, Mr. Biden will likely work out how he wants to answer various questions in early meetings, then rehearse with his surrogate opponent in later meetings.
Democratic lawyer Bob Bauer, who served as Biden's personal lawyer and is married to senior White House adviser Anita Dunn, played Trump in 2020, but it is unclear whether he will play the role again in 2024.
“The goal is to avoid surprises,” said Kate Bedingfield, a former White House communications director who helped prepare Biden for the 2020 presidential debates. “In some ways, you have to prepare for the unthinkable. So the goal of this process is to get President Biden used to the idea that some really nasty things might come out of Donald Trump's mouth.”
One big question is whether Trump will mention Hunter Biden, the president's son, who was recently convicted of a felony firearms offense after he went after him in 2020. Another is how Biden will address the fact that Trump himself is now a felon, convicted in New York of falsifying business records to cover up a sex scandal that threatened his 2016 campaign.
Klain has long tried to prepare Biden for attacks on his family. In 2012, when Klain was preparing Biden for the vice presidential debates, Chris Van Hollen, then the Maryland congressman playing Paul Ryan, was asked to deliver a series of personal attacks.
“You have to be prepared for someone to say something vulgar,” said Van Hollen, who is now a U.S. senator. “In the previous debate with Paul Ryan, it was unlikely. In this one, there's a 100 percent chance that Donald Trump will say something vulgar.”
Trump, meanwhile, has never agreed to anything resembling traditional, rigorous debate preparation, and this election appears no exception, as he has repeatedly said he works best when improvising.
“He sees the rallies as debate preparation,” said Marc Lotter, a former aide to Trump's 2020 presidential campaign who now works for a conservative nonprofit. The challenge for Trump, Lotter said, is getting his answers in under the time limit. “If they literally cut your microphone off, you've got to get it right,” he said.
Campaigns often spend the lead up to a debate hyping their opponents and their debating skills, but Trump's relentless accusations that Biden is mentally frail have dampened expectations for the president.
Trump aides have so far kept debate preparations fairly limited, including a recent meeting at the Republican National Committee headquarters that also included Sens. Marco Rubio of Florida and Eric Schmitt of Missouri.
Jason Miller, a senior Trump adviser who played a lead role in organizing the debates, said Trump's speeches showed “elite stamina” and that the former president “didn't need a staffed program.”
Trump aides have no plans to hold a formal role-playing session to re-enact the debate and include a Biden role.
“We're having conversations,” Chris LaCivita, one of Trump's campaign managers, told reporters in Las Vegas this month. Asked who would fill in for the president, he said, “Joe Biden will play Joe Biden.”
Trump has said he's not only running against Biden, but also against CNN, a network he sees as running against him. “CNN is the enemy,” he said on a podcast last week, mocking one of the show's two hosts, Jake Tapper (who will be joined by Dana Bash), as a “fake Tapper.” Still, Trump predicted CNN would be “as fair as possible.”
The Biden campaign has made it clear what topics it wants the moderator to focus on: Campaign manager Jennifer O'Malley Dillon wrote in a “Road to Atlanta” memo last month that they want to discuss abortion, democracy and details of Trump's economic plan, including tax cuts for the wealthy.
Trump's team believes he has a key advantage he didn't have four years ago: the ability to attack Biden's unpopular record. Trump wants to focus on inflation, the fact that major conflicts in Ukraine and Gaza began during Biden's tenure, and record border crossings that he blames on the former president for domestic crime.
According to rules circulated by CNN, the 90-minute debate period begins once the first question is answered. A maximum of five minutes will be allotted for each question: two minutes for an initial response, one minute for a rebuttal, one minute for a response to the rebuttal, plus one minute to be used at the moderator's discretion. Each candidate will also be allowed two minutes for closing remarks.
The Biden campaign believes it has already scored a major victory by persuading the Trump campaign to agree to move the first debate from September to late June, and believes that Biden's sagging approval ratings will improve once voters fully understand the possibility of Trump returning to power.
Presidential debates remain a special moment in the American election campaign. In 2020, more than 73 million viewers watched the first debate. But the debates are becoming increasingly important not only for the live audience, but also for the compiled video afterwards and the opinions and expectations of pundits in the days leading up to the debate. After the debate in Atlanta, the Biden campaign asked California Governor Gavin Newsom to act as their surrogate in the so-called spin room.
Many Democrats are worried about Biden's performance, but the president is said to have no such fears.
“I can assure you that Joe Biden is not afraid of Donald Trump,” Klain said during an appearance on MSNBC earlier this year.
One concern among Biden's team and supporters is that he is spending too much time talking about his own record and not enough time attacking Trump.
“The challenge for any incumbent candidate in the debate is not to spend the entire debate talking about their record,” said Jim Messina, campaign manager for Obama's 2012 campaign.
Michael Gold, Jonathan Swan and Maggie Haberman Contributed report.