A hard-fought settlement of thousands of lawsuits against Purdue Pharma was on the brink of collapse Thursday after the Supreme Court denied liability protections for the company's billionaire owners, the Sackler family, a ruling that effectively blocks the outflow of billions of dollars that could help alleviate the damage from opioid addiction.
The future of lawsuits, including some that are as far back as a decade, is currently in limbo as states, local governments, tribes and more than 100,000 individuals who have sued the company, best known for the prescription painkiller OxyContin, figure out their next move.
The court rejected a term the Sacklers had long sought that would have granted them immunity from all current and future opioid litigation in exchange for paying up to $6 billion to plaintiffs.
In a statement, Purdue called the decision “heartbreaking” because the settlement had been approved by an overwhelming majority of plaintiffs.
“We will immediately reengage with the same creditors who have already demonstrated their ability to come together to reach a settlement,” the company said, so Purdue can emerge from bankruptcy and money can begin to flow. Descendants of Dr. Mortimer and Raymond Sackler issued a joint statement saying they intend to continue discussions and are “hopeful about reaching a solution that provides sufficient funding to help combat this complex public health crisis.”
But they did not say whether they would agree to pay billions of dollars without a liability release. “Unfortunately, the alternative is a costly and confusing legal process in courts across the country,” the statement continued. “Given the serious misunderstandings about our families and the opioid crisis, we are confident we will prevail in the upcoming litigation, but we continue to believe that a quickly negotiated agreement that provides billions of dollars to people and communities in need is the best way forward.”
Many countries said in statements they were keen to resume talks.
“The court's decision means we must return to the negotiating table. Purdue and the Sacklers must pay restitution so we can save lives and help people break free from addiction,” North Carolina Attorney General Josh Stein said. “If they don't pay restitution, we will face them in court.”
Lawyers representing the local government said in a statement that mounting legal costs and delays were eating away at any prospect of compensation. “We will review the judgment and chart a course to ensure that the Sackler family does not evade justice,” they said.
Companies like Purdue that emerge from bankruptcy reorganization are typically given protection from civil lawsuits, but the Supreme Court ruled that the Sacklers did not have the same protections because Purdue was the only company that filed for bankruptcy, not the Sacklers.
The court agreed with the U.S. Trustee, the Justice Department agency that oversees the federal bankruptcy system. The trustee said bankruptcy judges lack the authority to grant such protections. The government argued that granting such protections to survivors would be done without the consent of future plaintiffs and would therefore deprive them of due process rights.
Several states resisted the settlement for months, extracting more money before the Sacklers finally signed on. After the Supreme Court's decision, Connecticut Attorney General William Tong, one of those states, said, “The U.S. Supreme Court got it right. Billionaire criminals cannot hide their blood money in bankruptcy court.” Tong expects negotiations to return to bankruptcy court.
The settlement also includes payments to hundreds of tribes. “The Sacklers have caused millions of people to suffer, billions of dollars in damages and a decade of misery,” said Baron Jose, chairman of the Tohono O'odham Tribe, which has 36,000 enrolled members mostly in Arizona. “The remaining Sacklers will remain billionaires while people continue to die from drug addiction.”
Of the many pharmaceutical companies sued in the nationwide opioid litigation, only a handful, including Purdue, have agreed to pay individual victims, as well as state and local governments. The Purdue settlement could have made more than 100,000 individual plaintiffs, including families of people who died from opioid overdoses, eligible to receive between $3,500 and $48,000.
Ryan Hampton, who co-chaired the committee representing individual victims in Purdue's bankruptcy case, said Thursday he is most concerned about protecting those interests in any new negotiations.
“Advocates across the country will fight tooth and nail to pressure state attorneys general to ensure that every penny of victim compensation is protected at all costs,” he said. “Every state must put victims first before they receive any part of any new negotiated agreement.”
But Ellen Isaacs, whose son died of a drug overdose, has long opposed the Purdue settlement, believing the Sacklers should not be granted legal immunity.
Her lawyer, Michael Quinn, praised Thursday's ruling, saying it “protects the right of individual victims to either agree to a settlement or exercise their right to sue in court against non-debtors,” using legal terminology referring to the Sacklers.
Like the more than $50 billion settlement already reached with other drug companies in the nationwide opioid litigation, Purdue and the Sacklers' billions were to be spent on addiction education, treatment and prevention. Each state and its local governments has its own procedures for paying it out.
While many companies manufactured, distributed, and sold opioids, Purdue is widely credited with creating a dynamic market for painkillers when it introduced OxyContin in 1996, aggressively promoting the drug as long-acting and largely non-addictive. Other manufacturers jumped into the lucrative business, and within a few years, opioid abuse and overdose deaths had spread across the country, with repercussions for families, police, emergency services, and child welfare agencies.
By 2014, local governments had begun suing Purdue. By September 2019, facing roughly 3,000 lawsuits, hundreds of them in the names of individual Sackler family members, Purdue filed for bankruptcy reorganization and stopped all claims.
More than four years later, the most intractable demand blocking a resolution is the Sacklers' insistence that they be permanently released from future opioid litigation against Purdue.
As the years passed, a group of state attorneys general gave up on challenging the Sacklers' demands, focused solely on getting the deal done.