An international debate over how much to intervene in nature to slow global warming unfolded in an unlikely setting this week: a city council meeting in Alameda, on the eastern edge of San Francisco Bay.
The researchers chose Alameda, a city of about 75,000 people on islands south of Auckland, as the first site for field tests of a device aimed at brightening clouds and reflecting more light back into space.
But concerns about the experiment led Alameda city officials to ask the scientists to halt it last month, and early Wednesday, after a contentious meeting that dragged on until after 1 a.m., the Alameda City Council voted unanimously to halt the experiment altogether.
“We don't have a lot of aspirations to be on the cutting edge,” Mayor Marilyn Ezzie Ashcraft said.
The brightening of the clouds, and more broadly, the idea of solar geoengineering or climate intervention – attempting to temporarily cool the planet at a time when global warming is accelerating – has stirred up strong emotions. Scientists believe such intervention could buy the world time to move away from fossil fuels, the main cause of global warming. But the idea tends to be controversial, as some people are resistant to trying to intervene in the climate.
In Alameda, a team of researchers led by the University of Washington began a cloud-brightening experiment in April, spraying tiny sea-salt particles across the flight deck of the USS Hornet, a decommissioned aircraft carrier docked in the city. The scientists wanted to see if they could spray the right size particles consistently.
If it works, the idea is that the device could eventually change the composition of ocean clouds to make them more reflective, helping to bounce more of the sun's rays back into space before they can warm the Earth's surface. The Alameda experiment marks the first outdoor testing of such a device in the United States.
Alameda residents began voicing concerns about the technology being used in their backyards, and shortly after the tests began, the city asked the researchers to halt them while they assessed the risks.
“If there's a problem, we want to understand it and put limits on what they can do,” Griff Neal, a chemical engineer who has lived in Alameda for 25 years, said this week. He said he worries about the impact of inhaling the particles on older residents who volunteer on the Hornet, now a floating museum, and on students at the nearby high school.
He wondered why scientists in Washington state were conducting experiments in his community and not theirs. “We certainly have some neighbors who say, ‘Why not do it in Puget Sound?’” he said.
The researchers said San Francisco Bay is an ideal location for the experiment because it is prone to fog, and they hope to conduct the experiment for at least 20 weeks in a variety of weather conditions.
The Hornet's deck will provide an environment similar to the open ocean, and the ship's role as a museum will allow the public to become involved in the research, one of the program's main goals, said Sarah Dougherty, an atmospheric scientist and program director for the University of Washington's Ocean Brightening Program.
Analysts hired by the city of Alameda to evaluate the experiment found it poses no health risks; they said the saltwater the scientists sprayed is similar to natural sea spray from the ocean. The mayor recommended the City Council approve the plan on Tuesday evening, but the council ultimately decided it was too early to be sure the experiment was harmless.
“I don't think it's appropriate to put our community at that risk,” Trish Herrera Spencer, one of five council members, said at the meeting. “I don't think this is the right place.”
It's unclear what will happen next. Alameda officials have said that without their approval, the project at Hornet cannot continue. The University of Washington research team couldn't immediately be reached for comment.
During the meeting, discussions ranged beyond the effects of salt particles to whether climate interventions such as brightening clouds should be attempted. Some environmentalists worry that the technology could distract people from tackling the causes of climate change and slow efforts such as switching to renewable energy and electric vehicles.
“This is a local decision, but its implications will be far-reaching,” Gary Hughes of the environmental group Hands Off Mother Earth Alliance said at the conference. “The dynamics of global climate justice are at stake.”
Another public commenter, a Honduran youth climate leader, urged the council to approve the project, saying UW has the expertise to help countries like hers that are most affected by climate change, and asked lawmakers to consider “the huge impact this will have on countries like hers.”
Alameda Vice Mayor Tony Daysog said he and other elected officials have been inundated with emails from residents with strong opinions about the project. He said Alameda, a rare archipelago city in California, is especially vulnerable to issues such as rising sea levels.
“We have to take climate change more seriously than a lot of other people,” Daysog said. “At the end of the day, you can't please everyone. Just do what you think is right.”
Before you leave, here's some good news
The Orange County Public Library System launched a meal delivery program and bilingual marketing campaign this summer, the Orange County Register reports.
The “Lunch at the Library” program, currently held at six County Library branches, provided 16,000 hot meals to school-age children in 2023. The program was designed by County Librarian Julie Quillman and her administrative team to promote local libraries to the Hispanic community.
The $250,000 grant from the Samueli Foundation will support this program as well as other programs to help teens find employment and improve financial literacy.